In this talk I will describe social science research findings regarding the experiences of White women and underrepresented racial/ethnic minority (URM) people in STEM fields.  Experimental research on implicit bias and stereotype threat has revealed the powerful influence of negative stereotypes on women and URM people in STEM.  This work reveals differential evaluation of women vs. men and majority vs. URM groups, and also shows the influence of a more “chilly” or negative climate for members of groups targeted by stereotypes purporting they are less suitable for STEM.  I will also discuss some recommendations for institutional change that can help create a more inclusive and equitable environment for all.